The Diabetes Manager

Archive for December, 2008

Diabetes can be a confusing disease, full of rules and regulations about what to eat and when. A child stricken by diabetes can be a special challenge to parents, and many caregivers are puzzled about how to handle the illness, especially at first. The best way to care for the diabetic child is to increase your knowledge about diabetes, which includes being aware of the symptoms and the treatment options available in case something happens with a diabetic person. Caregivers need to know what and when the child should eat and ensure that the child keeps up a healthy level of exercise.

Most children tend to have type I diabetes, previously known as juvenile diabetes, although children are increasingly being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes as well. Type I diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not work and does not produce any insulin. Insulin is needed to help break down sugars (glucose) in our body to help it work efficiently. When this breakdown of sugars does not happen, as in the case of type I diabetes, the sugar stays in the blood stream.

Because insulin is important in breaking down sugars in the body to use for energy, insulin has to be taken to control the illness. Therefore type I diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. Exercise and diet are also important helping to control this type of diabetes. Caring for the child with diabetes means that you will need to recognize the signs of the illness, as well as any resulting reactions that can occur. The main signs of diabetes in children are:

Breath smelling like fruit
Constant hunger
Pulse beating faster than normal
Headaches
Being weak and dizzy
Difficulty concentrating
Vision becoming foggy
Skin tending to be cold and moist
Experiencing seizures

Next, you should be able to identify when the child is in crisis, suffering either a hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic episode, and you should know what to do help in either case. Hyperglycemia occurs when the sugar levels are too high. Rising sugar levels are generally a result of eating too much, not taking the correct amount of insulin, or not exercising enough. When a child is hyperglycemic, treatment by medical professionals is needed. A child suffering from high blood sugar will complain of the following:

Weakness
Extreme thirst
Needing to urinate frequently
Not seeing clearly
Not being hungry

With hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), the symptoms vary from child to child, but some of the typical signs include:

Clumsiness
Sudden mood changes
Sweating
Hunger
Seeming confused
Trembling
Headache
Tingling feeling around the mouth

The first course of action is to increase the child’s sugar intake by giving them something sweet to drink, such as regular soda, fruit juice or glucose tablets. Once the child is feeling better, you should give them something more solid to eat. If the child is too weak to swallow or is unconscious, administer the recommended dosage of glucagon and call for immediate medical assistance. Glucagon is a medication given by injection to rapidly increase the level of glucose in the blood. It is normally the first course of treatment in severe hypoglycemia.

Diet is a major part of keeping the diabetic child healthy. The caregiver has the responsibility to ensure that the child eats what is recommended. It is also important to talk with the child and let them know that they will get really sick if they eat too many sweets or other foods that can pose a risk. It is also important to let others, such as teachers, know that a diabetic child may need to snack to boost their sugar and energy levels. The child with diabetes must also have regular meals.

Physical exertion from exercising or sports is important to the diabetic child. The child with diabetes can engage in all normal activities once they observe two basic rules: They should avoid playing just before their meal time and have a snack ready so that they can replace lost sugar. Physical activity burns sugar and reduces energy, so the snack will be necessary to balance sugar levels.

Most importantly, children should be taught how to test their blood sugar levels during the course of the day, once they are able to do soon their own. This is important so that they can take insulin or eat something as needed.

Although the diabetic child will need special monitoring, this does not have to pose any difficulties. Parents and guardians need to inform other care givers of the possible health triggers and what to do in the event that something goes wrong. Children should also be told what to do if their blood sugar levels fall or rise. Emergency numbers should also be kept in a convenient place so that help can be easily summoned.

To learn more go to Diabetes Cure and at Managing Diabetes

Diabetes, if not properly controlled, can result in a number of other serious health issues.  Unfortunately, if a diabetic doesn’t control his disease, the damage is irreversible and there’s no quick way to go back in time. Controlling diabetes means, first of all, learning all you can about the disease. Being a diabetic does not mean that life can no longer be enjoyed; it just means that you need to play a bigger role in maintaining your own health.

Controlling diabetes demands a change in lifestyle habits. Primarily, the diabetic must practice eating a healthy diet suitable for a diabetic, exercise regularly, and take their medication as prescribed by their health-care practitioner. One of the biggest changes someone with diabetes must face concerns the food they eat. You must now plan each meal carefully, looking at serving sizes, type of food, and cooking methods.  The diabetic should eat a well-balanced diet consisting of foods from the main food groups:

• Starch / carbohydrates
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Meat / fish
• Dairy – yogurt and milk

Routines are important to the diabetic. He or she needs to ensure that meals are eaten and medication taken to keep sugar levels normal. In addition to eating and taking medication at the same time each day, the diabetic must learn what quantities of the various foods they should have at each meal. The calories needed for each person will vary depending on age, general health, and whether or not the individual is active.

Exercise

Keeping fit and exercising has been proven to play a role in controlling blood sugar levels and the overall health of the diabetic. In addition, if you are overweight, a dangerous state for the diabetic, exercise will help you shed pounds, thus reducing the risks posed by the diseases.

Other lifestyle changes

Other lifestyle changes necessary to maintain good health include controlling your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In addition, reducing your stress will lead to a healthier you. If you smoke, it is advisable that you stop smoking as it increases the risk of complications from the disease. The diabetic should also have their eyes checked at least annually because of other health issues arising from the condition. Foot care is also important as poor blood circulation frequently leads to amputations. However, if you pay attention to changes and minor cuts, you can save yourself lots of heartache.

The best way to ensure that follow all of the advice above is to learn everything you can about diabetes, its causes, symptoms, and treatment. With knowledge, you will be better able to plan your meals and develop an exercise plan in collaboration with a personal trainer (whether at a gym or at home). Read and ask questions, plus join support groups so that your knowledge base about diabetes and treatment options will remain current. In closing, there is an important step to follow that many diabetics dislike, that of monitoring their blood sugar levels. However, with practice, monitoring sugar levels becomes easier or you can find someone to do it for you.

To learn more go to Diabetes Discussion and at Juvenile Diabetes Foundation

Managing diabetes can be very complicated, and individuals must take care to ensure proper blood circulation to all the parts of their bodies. Good oral hygiene also requires satisfactory blood circulation and diabetics must take extra care to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Gum disease and tooth loss in the diabetic is a potential problem related to poor circulation and increased salivary sugars in the mouth, which in turn provides growth of germs that lead to tooth rot.

Without proper control over blood sugar levels, diabetics leave themselves exposed to myriad dental problems. The first problem will be dry mouth, which is not only uncomfortable but doesn’t help to minimize the effect of sugar in the mouth. Dry mouth conditions also encourage the growth of bacteria. All of these problems lead to tooth decay. Diabetics must continually monitor and control their blood glucose levels for many reasons, and added to that list is the need to have healthy teeth and gums.

Because people with diabetes generally have poor blood circulation, they may not feel any pain or discomfort until their dental problems are at an advanced stage. As such, the diabetic should examine their mouths and look for any of the following:

• Tender or swollen gums
• Bleeding whenever brushing or flossing teeth
• Pus oozing from gums
• Teeth that seem to be longer than normal or seem to be moving away from each other
• For denture wearers, look out for loosely fitting pieces or dentures that no longer fit the way they used to

Diabetics who are not in control of their sugar level will find that, over time, they will get severe toothaches. This happens because the blood flow to the gums is reduced.  The ramifications to toothaches are obvious – you will not be able to chew properly due to pain. If you cannot chew, you may be tempted to skip meals or not eat a well balanced meal.

If you notice any of these signs you need to see your dentist immediately. Like everyone else, the person living with diabetes must visit their dentists at least twice per year.

Whether or not you have diabetes you should develop good dental care habits. This means brushing and flossing daily.  Use a soft-bristled brush so that you reduce the chance of irritating your gums. Ideally, you should try to brush at least twice per day and once being before going to bed. Make sure to brush your gums and tongue as well. To make sure that your toothbrush is in good condition, change it every three months. Flossing once a day is also vital to good dental health. Always rinse thoroughly after flossing to remove food particles from between the teeth.

With over ninety percent of the adult population in the USA having some form of dental problem during their lifetime, one can image how these figures can become compounded when you factor in the size of the diabetic population. If you want to keep your teeth, you need to start paying special to your dental hygiene as well as control your blood sugar levels. Controlling blood glucose levels is a strong start to ensuring you don’t lose your teeth to rot, and taking the time to check your mouth for signs of periodontal disease can help prevent many problems.

To learn more go to Diabetes And Depression and at Juvenile Diabetes Foundation

While expectant parents wish for a problem-free pregnancy, unfortunately this is not always the case. There are some women that suffer complications of their pregnancy and while some may be more mild than others, occasionally women are diagnosed with more serious illnesses. Medical reports show that over 140, 000 women in the USA will be diagnosed with gestational diabetes this year alone. Gestational diabetes normally occurs in the last three to four months of a pregnancy.

The cause of gestational diabetes is largely unknown, although there is some link to pregnancy hormones and the placenta. If your body is unable to make or use all the insulin it needs, glucose remaining in the blood eventually reaches abnormally high levels.

Unlike other health problems, gestational diabetes does not normally result in birth defects; however, it can have repercussions for the baby. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes tend to be large and this can lead to injuries to the child’s shoulders during the normal birthing process. The babies can have jaundice, low glucose levels and higher insulin levels than is the norm, as well as breathing problems. It is also believed that babies born with high insulin levels are at a higher risk for obesity.

Gestational diabetes can also cause problems for the mother, as delivering a larger-than-normal baby can be difficult and, in many instances, results in a caesarian section. In addition, gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing type II diabetes later on in life.

As with any other type of diabetes, controlling the gestational type is possible with diet, exercise, and medication. With this type of diabetes, treatment is normally started as soon as it is known that the mother-to-be has GD. Diet plans are normally given to the expectant mother so that she can help control her blood sugar level. Foods from all the food groups should be eaten for a well-balanced diet, with greater portions of vegetables and whole grains.

Moderate exercise is also recommended to help control gestational diabetes, although previous levels of physical activity have to be taken into account. Physical activity helps the body use up the excess glucose without the need for extra insulin. If you were not exercising before you got pregnant, it would be unwise to start any strenuous exercise at this stage of your pregnancy.

It is also important to monitor your sugar level closely. Set up a routine so that you know when to test your glucose level.

The good news about gestational diabetes is that it normally disappears a few weeks after you have given birth. However, in some cases, type I or type II diabetes is discovered during pregnancy. In these cases, treatment will have to be continued for life. It is important to know that in some cases, if an expectant mother has gestational diabetes, she will likely have it again during subsequent pregnancies.

To learn more go to Diabetes Cure and at What is Diabetes